Search results for "countryside conservation"

showing 10 items of 12 documents

Distances, espaces et représentations (une revue)

1990

L'objet de cet article est de donner un aperçu de la manière dont la littérature traite ce rapport entre la forme de la distance et les propriétés de l'espace. Il existe un grand nombre de travaux dans ce domaine et, malgré le volume de ce texte, nous ne pouvons en rendre compte complètement. La section 1 présente les formes de distances les plus connues et montre les déformations qu'elles impliquent par rapport à l'espace réel, observé, ainsi que par rapport à sa représentation la plus commune: l'espace euclidien muni d'une distance euclidienne. La section 2 porte le débat au niveau des modèles de l'économie spatiale. Il y a plusieurs façons de modéliser une même réalité: la représentation…

MathématiquesTransport planningUrban planningRural planningStatistics[ MATH.MATH-ST ] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST]Operations research[MATH.MATH-ST] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST]MathematicsCountryside conservation
researchProduct

Appropriateness between physical space and multicentre economic space in localization problems

1991

Location models are constructed in mathematical economic spaces whereas people locate themselves in real or physical spaces. If economic spaces are multicentric ones, their properties are different from physical spaces. We say that these two spaces are not symmetric. Hence, mathematical location model can lead to an optimal location solution which doesn't' exist in physical space. But, if we admit that an optimal location solution owns more or less to a function of demand of location, we can resolve this question. Then, fuzzy demand functions of location are defined in multicentric spaces and an illustration of this concept is presented.

Transport planningControl theoryUrban planningRural planning[SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/GeographyOperational researchRecherche opérationnelleCountryside conservationAutomatique[ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography
researchProduct

How information shapes cities : theory and facts

1999

The primary aim of this paper is to show that « information matters » in shaping space and cities. This statement has both theoretical and empirical foundations. Theoretical reasoning, especially on the basis of economic geography modelling, is able to provide consistent and realistic explanations for the agglomeration of information using activities including producer services and R&D. Empirical testing of these models raises a number of methodological problems. Nevertheless, many empirical studies have been conducted into the local character of the diffusion of tacit information. Over the last ten years, much progress has been made, and initial difficulties are progressively being overcom…

Transport planningUrban planningRural planning[SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/GeographySciences humaines et sociales[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/GeographyHumanities social sciencesCountryside conservation[ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography
researchProduct

Economic theory and space : a reconciliation

1997

Malgré des apports importants au XIXe siècle et dans la première moitié du XXe et en dépit des efforts de l'après guerre, l’économie spatiale est longtemps restée un domaine marginal par rapport au corpus principal de la théorie économique. L’attachement aux hypothèses de concurrence pure et de rendements non croissants explique en grande partie cette séparation. Depuis quelques années, on assiste, dans le cadre de l'Economie géographique, à un mouvement d’intégration dont le moteur principal est la reconnaissance et l’exploitation des rendements croissants comme explication de la formation de l’espace économique. Ce papier présente un panorama de 25 années d’économie spatiale en soulignant…

Urban economicsTransport planningEconomie spatiale Economie urbaine Théorie écobnomiqueEconomicsThéorie écobnomique[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and FinanceCountryside conservationEconomie spatialeEconomic theoryUrban planningRural planningLand use[ SHS.ECO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and finances[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and FinanceEconomie urbaine
researchProduct

Economies d'agglomération et configurations spatiales dans les espaces ruraux

1997

The question to be addressed here is that of the agglomeration/dispersion forces that are likely to account for the location of people and jobs in rural areas and the way they explain spatial patterns in rural areas depending on urban influence. Economic geography models may provide suitable tools with which to investigate the organization of rural areas. We first review these models, focusing on dispersion forces, which rest basically on land consumption and transport costs. We suggest then a set of hypotheses concerning the main forces at work in rural areas. Intensity of agglomeration economies is hypothesized to be related to the urban size, which in turn induces increasing land rents a…

[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]rural areasGeography Planning and Development0211 other engineering and technologies02 engineering and technologyrentes foncières[SHS]Humanities and Social Scienceséconomie géographiqueLOCALISATIONcommuting11. SustainabilityEconomics[ SHS.ECO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and financesEconomic geography[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and FinanceComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSmigrations alternantesmedia_commoneducation.field_of_studydensityEconomies of agglomeration05 social sciencesEconomic renttransport planning1. No poverty021107 urban & regional planningDiseconomies of scale[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]service locationspatial configuration8. Economic growth[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences050703 geographyrural planningagglomeration economiesespaces rurauxeconomic geographyurban spreadmedia_common.quotation_subjectétalement urbainPopulation0507 social and economic geographyland rentsbassins d'emploiEnvironmental Science (miscellaneous)Environnement espace et sociétéurban planningUrban planningeducationTransportation planningeconomic theoryeconomicscountryside conservationSpatial ecologylabor market areasEconomic systemRural area
researchProduct

Economic geography and growth: recent advances and new results

1997

Two fields of economic theory have developed recently in parallel: on the one hand, economic geography aims to explain the formation of a heterogeneous space, i.e.how the agglomeration of households and firms determines differentiated regions, urban structures or urban systems; on the other hand, theories of endogenous growth propose new views on growth mechanisms which invalidate the traditional convergence rule. Thesetheories are based on common foundations such as increasing returns, spatial externalities and monopolistic competition. We examine here in some detail how the spatial dimension is implicit in endogenous growth theories. We emphasize the whys and wherefores of the combination…

countryside conservation[SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geographyeconomic theorytransport planning[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geographyeconomicsrural planningurban planning[ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography
researchProduct

De von Thünen à Fujita : continuité ou rupture ?

1996

L'histoire de la pensée économique spatiale fait apparaître quatre grands paradigmes qui se rattachent respectivement aux travaux initiateurs de von Thünen, Weber, Christaller et Lösch et enfin Hotelling (Ponsard, 1983). En y ajoutant les apports d'autres auteurs, comme Lauhnardt et Greenhut (Norman, 1993), et en étudiant les complémentarités et les interactions entre ces paradigmes (Ponsard, 1983 ; Fujita, Ogawa et Thisse, 1988 ; Fujita et Thisse, 1986), on a pu souvent souligner les pertinences actuelles, théoriques et empiriques, de ces contributions historiques. Mais cespertinences dépassent également le champ strict de l'économie spatiale, puisque certaines théories de l'économie inter…

countryside conservationeconomic theorytransport planning[ SHS.ECO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and financeseconomics[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Financerural planningurban planning
researchProduct

Urban economics and endogenous dynamics in regional growth

1995

Nous nous proposons, dans cet article, d ’étudier sous quelles conditions des mécanismes endogènes de croissance applicables aux régions peuvent être définis. L ’accent est mis sur l'organisation spatiale des activités économiques qui permet de produire les économies d ’agglomération nécessaires à la croissance. On étudie ensuite les impacts de cette organisation spatiale sur la capacité exportatrice des régions et sur la croissance économique régionale.

countryside conservationeconomic theorytransport planning[ SHS.ECO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and financeseconomics[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Financerural planningurban planning
researchProduct

La ville abstraite : une analyse des représentations théoriques de la ville

1995

Par le terme générique de ville abstraite, nous désignons les représentations de la ville sur lesquelles s'appuie un discours théorique, économique, géographique ou social, positif ou normatif, ou qui sont l'objet d'un tel discours. Ces représentations sont des constructions mentales conscientes réalisées dans le but explicite de donner du sens à la ville, c'est-à-dire de n'en retenir que certains éléments jugés significatifs pour ce que l'on veut démontrer. Nous distinguons ce type de représentation de deux autres que nous ne traitons pas. La première est celle de la ville perçue. C'est une représentation mentale qui se construit dans l'esprit de l'individu qui se localise, vit dans la vil…

countryside conservationsocial servicesSociologyUrban planning[SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geographytransport planningsocial studieswelfare studies[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geographyrural planning[ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography
researchProduct

Informational interactions and the future of cities

1998

Present-day city growth is chiefly the result of new tertiary activities such as financial and producer services, R&D, or business administration. It seems that these activities need to be more spatially concentrated than traditional manufacturing activities. These new trends affect both the structure of cities and the structure of city systems. The specific nature of the new activities concentrated in city centers makes them information intensive. These activities consume human capital, knowledge and hightech capital, which are all rapidly changing inputs; they are based on complex decisionmakingprocesses; this renders them highly information-dependent. Inasmuch as these activities are the…

economic geographysociologysociologieeconomic theorytransport planningsocial studieseconomics[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Financeurban planningcity systemscountryside conservationsocial servicesurban growthwelfare studies[ SHS.ECO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and finances[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Financerural planning
researchProduct